The American Society of News Editors, founded in 1922 as a nonprofit professional organization, focuses on leadership development and journalism-related issues. ASNE promotes fair, principled journalism, defends and protects First Amendment rights, and fights for freedom of information and open government. Leadership, innovation, diversity and inclusion in coverage and the journalism work force, youth journalism and the sharing of ideas are also key ASNE initiatives.

Known as the American Society of Newspaper Editors until March 2009, the association's members also voted for bylaws changes that offer full membership to deans, directors and endowed or distinguished chairs of accredited journalism schools, directors of online-only news and/or nondaily news organizations and foundations and training organizations that focus on journalism. A committee of the board of directors reviews applications for membership.

ASNE's members are individuals, and its board is elected by members. Many of ASNE's initiatives are carried out by its committees. It also operates projects coordinated by staff with advice from committees and the board.